Chronicles of Canada Volume 02 - Mariner of St. Malo : A Chronicle of the Voyages of Jacques Cartier, The

<SPAN name="itinerary"></SPAN> <h3> ITINERARY OF CARTIER'S VOYAGES </h3> <p> Adapted from Baxter's 'Memoir of Jacques Cartier'<br/> <br/> VOYAGE OF 1534<br/> <br/> April 20 Monday Cartier leaves St Malo.<br/> May 10 Sunday Arrives at Bonavista.<br/> " 21 Thursday Reaches Isle of Birds.<br/> " 24 Sunday Enters the harbour of Kirpon.<br/> June 9 Tuesday Leaves Kirpon.<br/> " 10 Wednesday Enters the harbour of Brest.<br/> " 11 Thursday St Barnabas Day. Hears Mass and explores<br/> coast in boats.<br/> " 12 Friday Names St Anthoine, Servan; plants cross and<br/> names river St Jacques, and harbour Jacques<br/> Cartier.<br/> " 13 Saturday Returns to ships.<br/> " 14 Sunday Hears Mass.<br/> " 15 Monday Sails toward north coast of Newfoundland.<br/> " 16 Tuesday Follows the west coast of Newfoundland and<br/> names the Monts des Granches.<br/> June 17 Wednesday Names the Colombiers, Bay St Julien, and Capes<br/> Royal and Milk.<br/> " 18 Thursday Stormy weather to 24th; explores coast between<br/> Capes Royal and Milk.<br/> " 24 Wednesday Festival of St John the Baptist. Names Cape St John.<br/> " 25 Thursday Weather bad; sails toward the west and<br/> and south-west; discovers Isles Margaux, Brion, and<br/> " 26 Friday Cape Dauphin.<br/> " 27 Saturday Coasts toward west-south-west.<br/> " 28 Sunday Reaches Cape Rouge.<br/> " 29 Monday Festival of St Peter. Names Alezay and Cape<br/> St Peter, and continues course west-south-west.<br/> " 30 Tuesday Towards evening describes land appearing like<br/> two islands.<br/> July 1 Wednesday Names Capes Orleans and Savages.<br/> " 2 Thursday Names Bay St Leonarius.<br/> " 3 Friday Continues northerly course and names Cape Hope.<br/> " 4 Saturday Arrives at Port Daniel; remains there until 12th.<br/> July 16 Thursday Enters Gaspe Bay, and remains until 25th on<br/> account of storm.<br/> " 22 Wednesday Lands and meets savages.<br/> " 24 Friday Plants a cross.<br/> " 25 Saturday Sets sail with good wind toward Anticosti.<br/> " 27 Monday Approaches coast.<br/> " 28 Tuesday Names Cape St Louis.<br/> " 29 Wednesday Names Cape Montmorency and doubles East Cape<br/> of Anticosti.<br/> Aug. 1 Saturday Sights northern shore of the Gulf of<br/> St Lawrence.<br/> " 8 Saturday Approaches west coast of Newfoundland.<br/> " 9 Sunday Arrives at Blanc Sablon, and makes preparations<br/> to return home.<br/> " 15 Saturday Festival of the Assumption. Hears Mass and sets<br/> sail for France.<br/> Sept. 5 Saturday Arrives at St Malo.<br/> <br/> SECOND VOYAGE, 1535<br/> <br/> May 16 Sunday First Pentecost. The crew commune at Cathedral<br/> and receive Episcopal Benediction.<br/> " 19 Wednesday Departure from St Malo.<br/> " 26 Wednesday Contrary winds.<br/> June 25 Friday Ships separated by storm.<br/> July 7 Wednesday Cartier reaches the Isle of Birds.<br/> " 8 Thursday Enters Strait of Belle Isle.<br/> " 15 Thursday Reaches the rendezvous at Blanc Sablon.<br/> " 26 Monday Ships meet.<br/> " 29 Thursday Follows north coast and names Isles St William.<br/> " 30 Friday Names Isles St Marthy.<br/> " 31 Saturday Names Cape St Germain.<br/> Aug. 1 Sunday Contrary winds; enters St Nicholas Harbour.<br/> " 8 Sunday Sails toward the southern coast.<br/> " 9 Monday Contrary wind; turns toward north and stops<br/> in Bay St Lawrence.<br/> " 13 Friday Leaves Bay St Lawrence, approaches Anticosti,<br/> and doubles the western point.<br/> " 15 Sunday Festival of the Assumption. Names Anticosti,<br/> Isle of the Assumption.<br/> " 16 Monday Continues along coast.<br/> " 17 Tuesday Turns toward the north.<br/> " 19 Thursday Arrives at the Seven Islands.<br/> " 20 Friday Ranges coast with his boats.<br/> " 21 Saturday Sails west, but obliged to return to the Seven<br/> Islands owing to head winds.<br/> Aug. 24 Tuesday Leaves the Seven Islands and sets sail<br/> toward south.<br/> " 29 Sunday Martyrdom of St John Baptist. Reaches harbour<br/> of Isles St John.<br/> Sept. 1 Wednesday Quits the harbour and directs his course<br/> toward the Saguenay.<br/> " 2 Thursday Leaves the Saguenay and reaches the<br/> Bic Islands.<br/> " 6 Monday Arrives at Isle-aux-Coudres.<br/> " 7 Tuesday Reaches Island of Orleans.<br/> " 9 Thursday Donnacona visits Cartier.<br/> " 13 Monday Sails toward the River St Charles.<br/> " 14 Tuesday Exaltation of the Holy Cross. Reaches entrance<br/> of St Charles River.<br/> " 15 Wednesday Plants buoys to guide his ships.<br/> " 16 Thursday Two ships are laid up for the winter.<br/> " 17 Friday Donnacona tries to dissuade Cartier from<br/> going to Hochelaga.<br/> " 18 Saturday Donnacona's stratagem to deter Cartier<br/> from going to Stadacona.<br/> " 19 Sunday Cartier starts for Hochelaga with his<br/> pinnace and two boats.<br/> Sept. 28 Tuesday Enters Lake St Peter.<br/> " 29 Wednesday Leaves his pinnace, and proceeds with<br/> his boats.<br/> Oct. 2 Saturday Arrives at Hochelaga.<br/> " 3 Sunday Lands and visits town and mountain, which he<br/> named Mount Royal, and leaves Sunday.<br/> " 4 Monday Regains his pinnace.<br/> " 5 Tuesday Takes his way back to Stadacona.<br/> " 7 Thursday Stops at Three Rivers, and plants cross<br/> upon an island.<br/> " 11 Monday Arrives at the anchorage beside Stadacona.<br/> " 12 Tuesday Donnacona visits Cartier.<br/> " 13 Wednesday Cartier and some of his men visit Stadacona.<br/> <br/> 1536<br/> <br/> April 16 Sunday Easter Sunday. The river clear of ice.<br/> " 22 Saturday Donnacona visits Cartier with large number<br/> of savages.<br/> " 28 Friday Cartier sends Guyot to Stadacona.<br/> May 3 Wednesday Festival of the Holy Cross. A cross planted;<br/> Cartier seizes Donnacona.<br/> May 5 Friday The people of Stadacona, bring provisions for<br/> Cartier's captives.<br/> " 6 Saturday Cartier sails.<br/> " 7 Sunday Arrives at Isle-aux-Coudres.<br/> " 15 Monday Exchanges presents with the savages.<br/> " 22 Monday Reaches Isle Brion.<br/> " 25 Thursday Festival of the Ascension. Reaches a low,<br/> sandy island.<br/> " 26 Friday Returns to Isle Brion.<br/> June 1 Thursday Names Capes Lorraine and St Paul.<br/> " 4 Sunday Fourth of Pentecost. Names harbour<br/> of St Esprit.<br/> " 6 Tuesday Departs from the harbour of St Esprit.<br/> " 11 Sunday St Barnabas Day. At Isles St Pierre.<br/> " 16 Friday Departs from Isles St Pierre and makes<br/> harbour at Rougenouse.<br/> " 19 Monday Leaves Rougenouse and sails for home.<br/> July 6 Friday Reaches St Malo.<br/> <br/> THIRD VOYAGE, 1541<br/> <br/> May 23 Monday Cartier leaves St Malo with five ships.<br/> Aug. 23 Tuesday Arrives before Stadacona.<br/> " 25 Thursday Lands artillery.<br/> Sept. 2 Friday Sends two of his ships home.<br/> " 7 Wednesday Sets out for Hochelaga.<br/> " 11 Sunday Arrives at Lachine Rapids.<br/> <br/> (The rest of the voyage is unknown.)<br/></p> <br/><br/><br/> <SPAN name="biblio"></SPAN> <h3> BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE </h3> <p>A Great many accounts of the voyages of Jacques Cartier have been written both in French and in English; but the fountain source of information for all of these is found in the narratives written by Cartier himself. The story of the first voyage was written under the name of 'Relation Originale du Voyage de Jacques Cartier au Canada en 1534.' The original manuscript was lost from sight for over three hundred years, but about half a century ago it was discovered in the Imperial Library (now the National Library) at Paris. Its contents, however, had long been familiar to English readers through the translation which appears in Hakluyt's 'Voyages,' published in 1600. In the same collection is also found the narrative of the second voyage, as translated from the 'Bref Recit' written by Cartier and published in 1545, and the fragment of the account of the third voyage of which the rest is lost. For an exhaustive bibliography of Cartier's voyages see Baxter, 'A Memoir of Jacques Cartier' (New York, 1906). An exceedingly interesting little book is Sir Joseph Pope's 'Jacques Cartier: his Life and Voyages' (Ottawa, 1890). The student is also recommended to read 'The Saint Lawrence Basin and its Borderlands,' by Samuel Edward Dawson; papers by the Abbe Verreau, John Reade, Bishop Howley and W. F. Ganong in the 'Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada;' the chapter, 'Jacques Cartier and his Successors,' by B. F. de Costa, in Winsor's 'Narrative and Critical History of America,' and the chapter 'The Beginnings of Canada,' by Arthur G. Doughty, in the first volume of 'Canada and its Provinces' (Toronto, 1913).</p> <div style="break-after:column;"></div><br />